Core-shell Fe3O4@SnO2 nanochains toward the application of radar-infrared-visible compatible stealth

Abstract

Multiband-compatible stealth materials play an increasingly crucial role in the field of modern military defence because they can enable the targeted objects to dodge advance detection technologies. In this study, chain-like Fe3O4@poly(ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) nanocomposites were constructed as precursors through the magnetic field-induced distillation precipitation polymerisation. Then, the liquid-phase seed-mediated growth method, together with subsequent calcination, was applied to introduce SnO2 shells and remove poly(ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) shells, which led to the successful preparation of innovative core–shell Fe3O4@SnO2 nanochains. The unique microstructure and appropriate components endowed nanochains with multiple functional applications. The minimum reflection loss value was approximately −39.4 dB (5.67 GHz), exhibiting excellent microwave absorption performance. The possible microwave absorption mechanisms involve interfacial polarisation, space charge polarisation, natural resonance, and multiple reflections and scatterings. The optimal infrared reflectivity reached 0.64, 0.51, and 0.37 in three atmospheric windows, indicating outstanding infrared stealth performance, which was attributed to the intense infrared reflection of SnO2 shells. Furthermore, three nanochains showed different colours (dark green, brick red, and bright orange), revealing selection absorption for visible light. This can be attributed to the combined effect of visible responses of SnO2 shells along with Bragg diffraction from the periodic arrangement of Fe3O4 particles in a single nanochain. Thus, core-shell Fe3O4@SnO2 nanochains can be considered as promising radar-infrared-visible compatible stealth materials. This discovery opens a new means to exploit multiband-compatible stealth materials.