Abstract
BackgroundCordyceps cicadae is a medicinal fungus that is often used for treating cancer. However, the anticancer mechanisms of C. cicadae are largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the anticancer mechanisms of C. cicadae against hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro using a proteomic approach.MethodsHuman hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC97H cells were treated with a water extract of C. cicadae (0, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) for 48 h and harvested for cell viability assays. The significant differences in protein expression between control and C. cicadae-treated cells were analyzed by two-dimensional gel-based proteomics coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Flow cytometry analysis was employed to investigate the cell cycle and cell death. The anticancer molecular mechanism was analyzed by whole proteome mapping.ResultsThe water extract of C. cicadae (0, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) inhibited the growth of MHCC97H cells in a dose-dependent manner via G2/M phase cell cycle arrest with no evidence of apoptosis. Among the identified proteins with upregulated expression were dynactin subunit 2, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1, heat shock protein beta-1, alpha-enolase isoform 1, phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, and WD repeat-containing protein 1. Meanwhile, the proteins with downregulated expression were 14-3-3 gamma, BUB3, microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 1, thioredoxin-like protein, chloride intracellular channel protein 1, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5, xaa-Pro dipeptidase, enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 1, protein-disulfide isomerase-related chaperone Erp29, hnRNP 2H9B, peroxiredoxin 1, WD-40 repeat protein, and serine/threonine kinase receptor-associated protein.ConclusionThe water extract of C. cicadae reduced the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC97H cells via G2/M cell cycle arrest.
Highlights
Cordyceps cicadae is a medicinal fungus that is often used for treating cancer
This study aims to investigate the anticancer mechanisms of C. cicadae against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro by two-dimensional gel-based proteomics coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS), flow cytometry analysis, and proteome mapping
Effects of C. cicadae on MHCC97H cell proliferation MHCC97H cells were grown in medium containing various concentrations of C. cicadae (0, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) for 48 or 72 h to investigate the effects of C. cicadae on cell proliferation
Summary
Cordyceps cicadae is a medicinal fungus that is often used for treating cancer. the anticancer mechanisms of C. cicadae are largely unknown. The anticancer properties of C. sinensis via cancer cell apoptosis induction, proliferation inhibition, or both in various types of cancers, including leukemia, melanoma, Leydig tumor, breast cancer, and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been investigated [8,9,10]. C. sinensis inhibited tumor metastasis in vivo [11,12] Another well-known species, Cordyceps militaris, showed anticancer effects on leukemia, lung cancer, and breast cancer in vitro and in vivo [13,14,15,16,17], and its bioactive compound, cordycepin, exhibited cytotoxic and reactive oxygen species-generating activity in relation to cancer proliferation inhibition [18,19,20,21,22]
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