Abstract
Abstract. The small islands in Indonesia is providing important ecosystem services. It is important to identify damages of a coral reef ecosystem and whether natural factors or anthropogenic factors are the main causes. Landsat images obtained with different sensors were analyzed for mapping coral reef on inhabited and uninhabited small islands, Spermonde archipelago, Indonesia. Overall accuracies of three habitats classification were 89.2% and 85.6%, respectively. They are live coral, dead coral and non-coral. Ground truth surveys were selected by using the unsupervised classification method The live coral in inhabited islands was slightly greater than in uninhabited. An increasing area of live coral was about 5.3 ha of the total area in 1990 per year while a decreasing of dead coral was 3.5 ha per year in inhabited islands. In uninhabited island, a decreasing speed of live coral habitat area was about 0.6 per year. During 29 years, a significant increase in the dead coral and decrease in live corals. It has been identified that the significant controlling factor for the disturbances in reef ecosystem is derived from natural and anthropogenic.
Highlights
Indirect human impacts include rising air and sea surface temperatures associated with coral bleaching plus ocean acidification driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (Feely et al, 2004; Hoegh-Guldberg et al, 2007)
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the capabilities of different remote sensors to provide data that is useful for assessing coral reef status and dynamic changes of live to dead coral on two different islands
Determination of various coral reefs classes, i.e., live coral and dead coral may be determined by developing a classification scheme to get a broad level of classification
Summary
Coral reef ecosystems are under enormous pressure from human use and global climate change (Halpern et al, 2008). The efforts to accurately monitor and assess the changes in coral reef community composition by satellite imagery is increasing in the scientific community at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. The OLI_TIRS sensor on board the Landsat-8 spacecraft provides the capability to assessment of coral reefs at a global scale (Spaldinga, M et al, 2017). The main objective of this study is to evaluate the capabilities of different remote sensors to provide data that is useful for assessing coral reef status and dynamic changes of live to dead coral on two different islands.
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