Abstract
Gallstones Disease (GSD) is one of the most common digestive diseases requiring hospitalization and surgical procedures in the world. GSD has a high prevalence in populations with European or Amerindian ancestry (10–20%) and the influence of genetic factors is broadly acknowledged. However, known genetic variants do not entirely explain the disease heritability suggesting that additional genetic variants remain to be identified. Here, we examined the association of copy number variants (CNVs) with GSD in a sample of 4778 individuals (1929 GSD cases and 2849 controls) including two European cohorts from Germany (n = 3702) and one admixed Latin American cohort from Chile (n = 1076). We detected 2936 large and rare CNVs events (size > 100 kb, frequency < 1%). Case-control burden analysis and generalized linear regression models revealed significant association of CNVs with GSD in men, with the strongest effect observed with CNVs overlapping lipid metabolism genes (p-value = 6.54 × 10–4; OR = 2.76; CI 95% = 1.53–4.89). Our results indicate a clear link between CNVs and GSD in men and provides additional evidence that the genetic components of risk for GSD are complex, can be sex specific and include CNVs affecting genes involved in lipid metabolism.
Highlights
Gallstones disease (GSD) is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disease characterized by the development of calculi inside the gallbladder composed mainly by cholesterol
Our results show that CNVsaffecting genes involved in lipid metabolism and expressed in the enterohepatic axis are associated with GSD in men
We focused on copy number variants (CNVs) larger than 100 kb since larger CNVs are more likely to be associated with adverse phenotypes and less prone to false positives [32, 33]
Summary
Gallstones disease (GSD) is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disease characterized by the development of calculi inside the gallbladder composed mainly by cholesterol. GSD features a long silent progression where the accumulation of stones in the affected gallbladder can lead to clinical symptoms such as recurrent episodes of intense abdominal pain (biliary colic) and major complications, like obstruction and infection of the biliary tree (cholestasis and cholangitis), acute pancreatitis, and. These authors contributed : Juan Francisco Miquel, Giancarlo V.
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