Abstract
Currently, the need to create new multifunctional materials that meet the requirements of technology and the needs of society has sharply increased. In addition, with the increase in the number of various "gadgets", communication systems, sources of electromagnetic "pollution" of the environment caused by the functioning of cellular communications, personal computers and other sources, protection against radiation and electromagnetic waves of the radio frequency range from 30 Hz to 3000 GHz becomes relevant. For these purposes, you can use modified fibers and fabrics by metallization. As the objects of study, we chose a woven material based on a polyacrylonitrile flagellum for special purposes (START LLC) with factory properties: nominal linear density of elementary fiber, 0.12 tex, specific tensile load of the fiber 450 mN/tex, elongation of the elementary fiber at break 18 % In the work, chemical copper plating was carried out in two ways: the first was a classical metallization scheme for plastics; the second method was carried out according to a new low-stage and low-component technology, which included two main stages: surface activation and chemical copper plating. The analysis of the surface of a fibrous material metallized by a galvanic method with preliminary chemical copper plating, both by traditional technology and by low-stage, showed that in two cases the coatings are uniform over the entire surface of the fibrous material and have a characteristic copper color, and metallic copper has a granular structure with a dense Packed grains to each other. At the same time, the electrical resistivity of PAN-fibrous materials is reduced. Metallization of woven materials based on PAN-fibrous materials in a low-component electrolyte using a low-stage chemical copper plating technology is promising, since the resulting coatings are characterized by high electrical properties, while reducing environmental stress due to the absence of harmful electrolyte components (acids during etching) and washing water.
Highlights
В настоящее время резко возросла необходимость создания новых многофункциональных материалов, отвечающих требованиям технологий и потребностей общества
As the objects of study, we chose a woven material based on a polyacrylonitrile flagellum for special purposes (START LLC) with factory properties: nominal linear density of elementary fiber, 0.12 tex, specific tensile load of the fiber 450 mN/tex, elongation of the elementary fiber at break 18 % In the work, chemical copper plating was carried out in two ways: the first was a classical metallization scheme for plastics; the second method was carried out according to a new low-stage and low-component technology, which included two main stages: surface activation and chemical copper plating
The analysis of the surface of a fibrous material metallized by a galvanic method with preliminary chemical copper plating, both by traditional technology and by low-stage, showed that in two cases the coatings are uniform over the entire surface of the fibrous material and have a characteristic copper color, and metallic copper has a granular structure with a dense Packed grains to each other
Summary
В качестве объектов исследования выбран тканный материал на основе жгутика полиакрилонитрильного для специальных целей (ООО «СНВ») с заводскими свойствами: номинальной линейной плотностью элементарного волокна, 0,12 текс, удельной разрывной нагрузкой волокна 450 мН/текс, удлинением элементарного волокна при разрыве 18%. В работе химическое меднение проводили двумя способами: первый представлял собой классическую схему металлизации пластмасс; второй способ проводили по новой малостадийной и малокомпонентной технологии, которая включала две основные стадии: активация поверхности и химическое меднение. При этом снижается удельное электрическое сопротивление ПАН – волокнистых материалов. Металлизация тканных материалов на основе ПАН-волокнистых материалов в малокомпонентом электролите по малостадийной технологии химического меднения является перспективным, так как получаемые покрытия отличаются высокими электрическими свойствами, при этом снижается экологическая напряженность из-за отсутствия вредных компонентов электролита (кислот при травлении) и промывных вод. Ключевые слова: химическое меднение, гальваническое меднение, полиакрилонитрильные волокнистые материалы, защитные экраны от электромагнитного излучения
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