Copper-doped silica cuprous sulfate (CDSCS) as a highly efficient and new heterogeneous nano catalyst for [3+2] Huisgen cycloaddition

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of copper-doped silica cuprous sulfate (CDSCS) as a new and efficient heterogeneous nano catalyst are described. CDSCS has been fully characterized by different microscopic, spectroscopic and physical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic forced microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT-IR. CDSCS is proved to be a useful heterogeneous nano catalyst in Cu(I)-catalyzed ‘Click’ cycloaddition of organic azides with terminal alkynes. CDSCS catalyzes the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of β-azido alcohols and alkynes at room temperature, in THF/H2O (1:1, v/v) solution. Using CDSCS, 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole adducts are mainly obtained, in good to excellent yields and in short reaction times. These compounds have featural resemblance to β-adrenoceptor blocking agents. CDSCS was approved as a chemically and thermally stable nano catalyst that can be reused for many consecutive trials without a significant decline in its reactivity.