Copper-Substituted NiTiO3 Ilmenite-Type Materials for Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Abstract

Single Ni1-xCuxTiO3 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) Ilmenite-type phases were successfully prepared through a solid-state reaction route using divalent metal nitrates as precursors and characterized. Their electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media is presented. The Cu content was determined (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) by X-ray diffraction. A thorough powder neutron diffraction study was carried out to identify the subtle changes caused by copper substitution in the structure of NiTiO3. The evolution of the optical and magnetic properties with the Cu content was also investigated on the raw micrometer-sized particles. A reduction in particle size down to ≈15 nm was achieved by ball-milling the raw powder prepared by the solid-state reaction. The best catalytic activity for OER was obtained for nanometer-sized particles of Ni0.8Cu0.2TiO3 drop-casted on the Cu plate. For this electrode, a current density of 10 mA cm-2 for oxygen production was generated at 345 and 470 mV applied overpotentials with 1 and 0.1 M NaOH solutions as electrolytes, respectively. The catalyst retained this OER activity at 10 mA cm-2 for long-term electrolysis with a faradic efficiency of 90% for O2 production in a 0.1 M NaOH electrolyte.