Abstract
In this research, the spectral detection of copper oxide is reported from different combustion tests of chalcopyrite particles and copper concentrates. Combustion experiments were performed in a bench reactor. In all the tests, the radiation emitted from the sulfide particle reactions was captured in the VIS–NIR range. The obtained spectral data were processed by using the airPLS (adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least squares) algorithm to remove their baseline, and principal component analysis (PCA) and the multivariate curve resolution method alternate least squares (MCR-ALS) methods were applied to identify the emission lines or spectral bands of copper oxides. The extracted spectral pattern is directly correlated with the emission profile reported in the literature, evidencing the potential of using spectral analysis techniques on copper sulfide combustion spectra.
Highlights
The need for better process monitoring, control, and optimization of industrial reactors, and to secure environmental sustainability, has driven the development of new technologies in metallurgical processes
The results show obtained during the combustion of chalcopyrite and copper concentrates
The results that the intensity of the combustion and the spectral characteristics present in the signal show that the intensity of the combustion and the spectral characteristics present in the depend on the temperature reached by the combustion cloud
Summary
The need for better process monitoring, control, and optimization of industrial reactors, and to secure environmental sustainability, has driven the development of new technologies in metallurgical processes. Many conventional reactors in the metallurgical industry have undergone improvements and optimization in their design and operation. Advanced sensing techniques, such as those presented in this work, increase understanding of the physical chemistry phenomena that take place in the process, facilitating these process improvements. Flash smelting technology produces over 50% of the primary copper in the world [1]. The flash furnace used in this type of process originated in Finland at the end of World War II and presented an excellent alternative to the energy shortage that existed in post-war Europe since, at that time, the intensive demand for thermal energy was mainly supplied by the combustion of hydrocarbons [2]. Flash smelting furnaces have become the most widely used technology in new smelting companies due to their ability to take advantage of the heat released through combustion reactions
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