Abstract
Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticle- (NP-) decorated carbon NPs (CNPs) were produced as colloidal suspension through pulsed laser ablation technique in liquid (PLAL) medium. The antimicrobial activity of the produced NPs was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), and anticancer activity was tested against breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, together with the biocompatibility assessment of these NPs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the obtained CNPs showed peaks at 26.58° and 43.78° (2θ) identical to (002) and (111) planes, respectively, of the carbon phases. It also displayed new peaks at 38.5° and 48.64° (2θ) after doping with CuO NPs. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images revealed the crystalline nature with the spherical shape of the prepared CNPs with 5-40 nm diameter ranges. In addition, the NP effects on the bacterial cell walls and nucleic acid were confirmed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microscopic fluorescence analysis. The NPs showed antibacterial activity through SEM examinations against the pathogenic microbial species, S. aureus and E. coli. In the cellular material release assay, the optical density of the bacterial cells, treated with NPs, displayed a significant increase with the time of exposure to NPs, and the cytotoxicity reached more than 80% of the level for the CNPs decorated with CuO NPs. The morphology of the MCF-7 cells treated with NPs decreased numbers, and the loss of contact with the surrounding cells was observed. These results confirmed that the CNPs decorated with CuO NPs have no observable side effects and can be safely used for therapeutic applications. It is also noteworthy that it is the first report of preparation of CuO NPs decorated with CNPs (CuO NPs-CNPs) by PLAL, and the produced NPs showed antimicrobial antiproliferative activities against breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7. The main advantage of the PLAL technique of synthesizing CuO NPs-CNPs provided a two-step, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method.
Highlights
Cancer is an uncontrolled growth of cells causing health concerns globally
Two steps were followed to produce Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) decorated with CuO NPs; the first step was the synthesis of CNPs using Nd : YAG laser (1064 nm; 1 Hz, 9 ns) ablation of graphite pellets (99.9%), set in a bottom of a vessel containing 3 ml of deionized water (DIW), 0.75 S. aureus
Absorbing 220 nm of cellular material from E. coli and S. aureus organism treated with CNPs and CNPs decorated with CuO NPs was analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy (Figure 4)
Summary
Cancer is an uncontrolled growth of cells causing health concerns globally. Chemotherapy is one of the available methods for cancer treatment, which is expensive with harmful side effects. Different ways are used to produce nanostructured materials [12–15]; among them, pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) is the best method for synthesizing different types, sized, and shaped nanomaterials, in addition to other advantages like cost control and without the production for any by-product(s) and purification [16–24]. The mechanism of generation of NPs in PLAL can be briefed as follows: the laser beam hits the surface of the target; a plasma plume is created due to the high energy transferred to the material. The method can open up possibilities of NPs preparation from different target materials for several biomedical applications for in vivo evaluations
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