Copper nanoparticles on controlled pore glass (CPG) as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for \u201cclick reactions\u201d

Abdolrahim A Rafi,Ismail Ibrahem,Armando Córdova

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77629-3

Abdolrahim A Rafi, Ismail Ibrahem + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77629-3

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Journal: Scientific Reports	Publication Date: Nov 25, 2020
Citations: 5	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Mid Sweden University

Abstract

We herein report that supported copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on commercially available controlled pore glass (CPG), which exhibit high mechanical, thermal and chemical stability as compared to other silica-based materials, serve as a useful heterogeneous catalyst system for 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions (“click” reactions) between terminal alkynes and organic azides under green chemistry conditions. The supported CuNPs-CPG catalyst exhibited a broad substrate scope and gave the corresponding triazole products in high yields. The CuNPs-CPG catalyst exhibit recyclability and could be reuced multiple times without contaminating the products with Cu.

Highlights

We report that supported copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on commercially available controlled pore glass (CPG), which exhibit high mechanical, thermal and chemical stability as compared to other silica-based materials, serve as a useful heterogeneous catalyst system for 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions (“click” reactions) between terminal alkynes and organic azides under green chemistry conditions
Among the different supports that can be prepared with tunable morphology and specific surface functionalization, controlled pore glass (CPG), which belongs to the family of silica-based materials, remains a relatively underdeveloped support within the nanocatalysis field[23,24,25,26,27]
It has several advantages over supports, which have been used for immobilization of metal nanoparticles: cost-effective synthesis, being commercial available with different types of surface functionalities, efficient mass-transfer, high surface area, tunable morphology, producibility in many different shapes, high mechanical, thermal and chemical stability

Summary

Introduction

We report that supported copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on commercially available controlled pore glass (CPG), which exhibit high mechanical, thermal and chemical stability as compared to other silica-based materials, serve as a useful heterogeneous catalyst system for 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions (“click” reactions) between terminal alkynes and organic azides under green chemistry conditions. In comparison to other supported CuNP nanocatalysts used for the CuAAC reaction, the use of CPG as the support would allow for all of the above mentioned advantages (e.g. commercial availability, , efficient mass-transfer, high surface area, tunable morphology, controlled pore size, producibility in many different shapes , high mechanical, thermal and chemical stability) as well as being a robust material. Based on our research interest in development of heterogeneous metal catalysts and the importance of the CuAAC transformation, we began to assemble and investigate a CuNP-CPG nanocatalyst 1 as a heterogeneous catalyst for the selective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides 2 and alkynes 3 for the synthesis of 1,4-triazoles 4 (Fig. 1)

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Results

Conclusion