Abstract
Penetration resistance is viewed as the first property that must be evaluated for the selection of new refractories, because it is known that melt penetration can promote or enhance the main wear mechanisms in copper converters, namely, dissolution, erosion, and spalling. In this work, a penetration test was designed to control the oxygen potential over typical laboratory prepared converter melts by injecting a mixture of inert gas and oxygen according to thermodynamic calculations. The effects of oxygen potential and matte grade on burned magnesite chrome brick and spinel direct bonded brick were studied using operating conditions typical of copper converters, and their relative performance was evaluated using high-grade and low-grade matte at oxygen potentials of 10-7 and 10-6 atm. Under these conditions, it was determined that spinel direct bonded brick outperformed the magnesite-chrome brick.
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