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Abstract
Plasmon-active optically thin copper films catch red light and transfer the energy to the photoactive layer in organic photovoltaic devices.
Highlights
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices convert sunlight directly into electricity using thin lms (70–200 nm) of strongly absorbing organic semiconductors as the photoactive material, and offer the possibility of very low cost fabrication onto exible substrates, combined with short energy payback times.[1,2] The compatibility with light-weight, exible substrates opens the door to applications in building integration,[2] transportation[3] and wearable/smart electronics[4,5,6,7] not accessible to conventional rigid at plate photovoltaics
The optimal annealing conditions were determined by observing aperture formation as a function of annealing temperature using a heated stage mounted inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (ESI Fig. S1†)
The simulations show that the intensity distribution across the electrode surface is highly heterogeneous, consistent with the complex interaction between plasmonic excitations associated with different features on the electrode surface. In principle these regions of intense near- eld radiation can be used to excite electronic transitions from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) in the organic semiconductor before the surface plasmons dissipate their energy as heat due to ohmic losses in the metal.[25]
Summary
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices convert sunlight directly into electricity using thin lms (70–200 nm) of strongly absorbing organic semiconductors as the photoactive material, and offer the possibility of very low cost fabrication onto exible substrates, combined with short energy payback times.[1,2] The compatibility with light-weight, exible substrates opens the door to applications in building integration,[2] transportation[3] and wearable/smart electronics[4,5,6,7] not accessible to conventional rigid at plate photovoltaics.
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