Copper Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and Copper Film with Carbon Nanotubes Modified Screen-Printed Electrode for the Cd(II) Determination.

Joanna Wasąg,Malgorzata Grabarczyk

doi:10.3390/ma14185148

Joanna Wasąg, Malgorzata Grabarczyk

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185148

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Abstract

A copper film modified glassy carbon electrode (CuF/GCE) and a novel copper film with carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed electrode (CuF/CN/SPE) for anodic stripping voltammetric measurement of ultratrace levels of Cd(II) are presented. During the development of the research procedure, several main parameters were investigated and optimized. The optimal electroanalytical performance of the working electrodes was achieved in electrolyte 0.1 M HCl and 2 × 10−4 M Cu(II). The copper film modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited operation in the presence of dissolved oxygen with a calculated limit of detection of 1.7 × 10−10 M and 210 s accumulation time, repeatability with RSD of 4.2% (n = 5). In the case of copper film with carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed electrode limit of detection amounted 1.3 × 10−10 M for accumulation time of 210 s and with RSD of 4.5% (n = 5). The calibration curve has a linear range in the tested concentration of 5 × 10−10–5 × 10−7 M (r = 0.999) for CuF/GCE and 3 × 10−10–3 × 10−7 M (r = 0.999) for CuF/CN/SPE with 210 s accumulation time in both cases. The used electrodes enable trace determination of cadmium in different environmental water samples containing organic matrix. The validation of the proposed procedures was carried out through analysis certified reference materials: TM-25.5, SPS-SW1, and SPS-WW1.

Highlights

This work developed a novel voltammetric procedure for determination of cadmium using two types of working electrode: a copper film with carbon nanotubes modified screenprinted electrode (CuF/CN/SPE) and a copper film modified glassy carbon electrode (CuF/GCE)
The parameters influencing the height of the obtained signal were optimized: the pH and concentration of the supporting electrolyte, the concentration of copper, the deposition potential and time, and the pulse time and pulse height of the stripping voltammetry measurement of the trace concentration of Cd(II) ions
The authors present the applicability of the copper film modified glassy carbon electrode and the novel copper film with carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed electrode for anodic stripping voltammetric determination of trace concentrations of cadmium

Summary

Introduction

This work developed a novel voltammetric procedure for determination of cadmium using two types of working electrode: a copper film with carbon nanotubes modified screenprinted electrode (CuF/CN/SPE) and a copper film modified glassy carbon electrode (CuF/GCE). Copper film modified electrodes seem to be an excellent proposal for the determination of trace amounts of metals in real samples. Such an electrode allows low detection limits to be obtained, and the fact that it is created in situ from the test solution significantly shortens the measurement time. The reproducibility and sensitiveness of these electrodes are very good, so they can replace classical solid electrodes in the analysis [5,6] Their effectiveness in analysis gives a chance for their widespread and more frequent use [7,8,9,10]. They can be purchased and used in direct field analyzes

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