Copper-catalyzed one-pot relay synthesis of anthraquinone based pyrimidine derivative as a probe for antioxidant and antidiabetic activity

Abstract

Synthetic compounds have modernized the globe due to its vast applicable fields. Anthraquinones, as well as pyrimidine derivatives, are used as essential pharmacophores in the field of medicine. Maintenance of a green disease-free environment by using these derivatives is being acknowledged in developed as well as developing countries of the world. Considering the use of active catalysts in the synthesis of anthraquinone based derivatives are the era of concern for researchers due to their distinctive properties. Owing to the remarkable activities of anthraquinone and pyrimidine derivative, we synthesize compounds having both functionalities with the utilization of novel synergically active copper catalysts. This study explores the application of synthesized compounds using fast, ecofriendly and cost-effective approaches.1H and 13C NMR, antioxidant, antidiabetic, molecular docking and QSAR studies were used for characterization and evaluation of newly synthesized anthraquinone based pyrimidine derivatives. The result of these techniques shows that our desired compounds were successfully synthesized and have potent applications. Among all synthesized compounds, G2 and G3 showed a remarkable antioxidant activity with IC50 of 15.09 and 21.88 μg/ml respectively. While the compound G2 and G4 showed a strong inhibitory antidiabetic activity with the IC50 value of 24.23 and 28.94 μg/ml respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking results for both of the proteins assist the experimental data and confirms the different interactions between binding domains and substituent moieties. SAR study also relates to the experimental facts by giving us positive results of synthesized compounds. According to the QSAR study, G4 and G2 emerged as the most stable and most reactive compound among other compounds respectively. While MEP shows moderate to good nucleophilic and electrophilic reactivity of all four compounds.