Abstract
The adsorption of copper (Cu(II)) from aqueous solutions by activated Luffa cylindrica biochar fibres has been investigated by means of batch equilibrium experiments and FTIR spectroscopy. The effect of various physicochemical parameters, such as pH, initial metal concentration, ionic strength, mass of the adsorbent, contact time and temperature, has been evaluated by means of batch type adsorption experiments. FTIR spectroscopy, as well as acid-base titrations, was used for the characterization of the material and the surface species formed. According to the experimental results even at pH 3, the relative sorption is above 85% and the adsorption capacity of the activated biochar fibres for Cu(II) is q max = 248 g kg−1. Moreover, the interaction between the surface carboxylic moieties and Cu(II) results in the formation of very stable inner-sphere complexes (∆G o = −11.2 kJ mol−1 at pH 3 and −22.4 kJ mol−1 at pH 5.5).
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