Abstract
ABSTRACT The application of pig slurry may have different influence on copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) dynamics in the soil compared with mineral fertilization. The aim of this research was to determine the different forms of Cu and Zn in soil and their uptake by bean plants in response to the application of mineral fertilizer and pig slurry (PS). The treatments were: mineral fertilizer (Cu and Zn oxides) and liquid pig slurry, at increasing rates (0/0, 1.7/6.0, 3.4/12.0 and 6.8/24.0 kg ha-1 Cu/Zn, respectively) applied in a Rhodic Kandiudox. PS increased the Cu content in soil in the exchangeable form, Fe oxides and residual, while the mineral fertilizer increased Cu contents in the fraction associated with soil organic matter. Soil Zn contents in the fractions available, exchangeable and SOM were highest under mineral fertilization, while in the soluble fraction the contents were highest under PS. The fertilizers had not impact on Cu and Zn contents associated with Al oxides, and these elements were mostly associated with Fe oxides in the soil. PS promoted the highest biomass production in shoots and roots of the bean plants, reflecting in the highest accumulation of Cu and Zn.
Highlights
Monitoring elements with pollutant potential in the agricultural production system is based on the premise that the factors plant, soil, water and agricultural practices are interdependent
In order to increase the efficiency of use of this fertilizer, it is necessary to know the dynamics of these metals in the soil, because they are results of interactions, such as: pH, organic matter (OM), composition of clays, redox potential, competition in the adsorption sites, complexation with OM, temperature, microbial activity and the tendency to form precipitates and coprecipitates (Kumpiene et al, 2007; Sipos et al, 2008)
It should be pointed out that, for the form of Cu oxide, the highest contents were observed at the doses of 3.4 and 6.8 kg ha-1, while for pig slurry (PS) the highest content occurred at the highest dose
Summary
Monitoring elements with pollutant potential in the agricultural production system is based on the premise that the factors plant, soil, water and agricultural practices are interdependent. Plants absorb small amounts of these metals, while the application of PS for many years or at high doses may lead to accumulation of Cu and Zn in the soil (Mattias et al, 2010). In order to increase the efficiency of use of this fertilizer, it is necessary to know the dynamics of these metals in the soil, because they are results of interactions, such as: pH, organic matter (OM), composition of clays, redox potential, competition in the adsorption sites, complexation with OM, temperature, microbial activity and the tendency to form precipitates and coprecipitates (Kumpiene et al, 2007; Sipos et al, 2008). The sequential extraction in the soil provides detailed information on origin, form of occurrence, availability, mobilization and transport of metals in natural environments (Mallmann et al, 2012; Souza et al, 2012)
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