Copper and zinc decontamination from single- and binary-metal solutions using hydroxyapatite

Abstract

Toxic metals contamination of waters, soils and sediments can seriously affect plants, animals and human being. The bioavailability of metal ions can be reduced trapping them in minerals with low solubilities. This study investigated the sorption of aqueous Cu and Zn onto hydroxyapatite surfaces. Batch experiments were carried out using synthetic hydroxyapatite. The metals were applied as single or binary species, in a range of metal concentrations ranging from 0 to 8 mmol/L at 25 ± 2 °C. The removal capacity of hydroxyapatite was 0.016–0.764 mmol of Cu/g and 0.015–0.725 mmol of Zn/g. In the Cu–Zn binary system, competitive metal sorption occurred with reduction of the removal capacity by 13–76% and 10–63% for Cu and Zn, respectively, compared to the single-metal systems. The sorption of Cu and Zn was well characterized by the Langmuir model. Heavy metal immobilization was attributed to a two-step mechanism: first rapid surface complexation and secondly partial dissolution of hydroxyapatite and ion exchange with Ca followed by the precipitation of a heavy metal-containing hydroxyapatite.