Abstract
The diagnosis of affective disorders has been the subject of constant research by clinicians from all over the world for many years. Making an appropriate diagnosis among patients suffering from mood disorders is sometimes problematic due to the personality-changing nature of patients and the similarity in the clinical picture of episodes in affective disorders. For this reason, there is a need to develop rapid and effective methods of determining biological markers that differentiate these diseases. The research was carried out with blood taken from 15 patients and 15 volunteers. The analysis of biological material for trace concentrations of zinc and copper was carried out with the use of ultrasensitive triple-quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (TQ ICP-MS). The obtained results prove that the concentration of copper in the test group was lower than in the control group. For the zinc concentrations, the inverse relationship was observed. The group of patients was characterized by a higher concentration of this element than the group of healthy volunteers. Summarizing the obtained results and comparing them with the results of studies by other authors, it was found that zinc and copper may be potential biomarkers of affective disorders and pandemic syndrome.
Highlights
Mood disorders are widely understood depressive syndromes, and bipolar spectrum disorders
Due to the fact that one of the many side effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will be the soaring number of people suffering from mood disorders, it is important to effectively differentiate between affective disorders
The mean, median, percentile 25, 75, and minimum and maximum value are shown in (A,B). (A) Box plot showing the influence of smoking on the concentration of copper. (B) Box plot showing the influence of smoking on the concentration of zinc
Summary
Mood disorders are widely understood depressive syndromes, and bipolar spectrum disorders. Due to their increasing prevalence, people are becoming increasingly aware of the existence and differentiation of uni-and bipolar affective disorders [1]. Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder. It is characterized by early onset, very high relapse, and heredity [2]. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is called recurrent depressive disorder or defined as a single depressive episode. Patients with pre-disease MDD often exhibit melancholic and introverted personality traits [3]
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