Abstract
This research covered an evaluation of the copper and cadmium concentrations in bottom sediments dredged from one of the ponds in Warsaw. The samples of sediments, soil, and plants were analyzed in terms of Cu and Cd content. The research concerned the heap of dredged bottom sediments from Wyścigi Pond, Warsaw, Poland. Two boreholes were made to obtain sediment cores with depths of A 162.5 cm and B 190.0 cm. The cores were divided into 10 sub-samples with a thickness of about 15–20 cm. A control sample of soil was taken from the horse racecourse several hundred meters away from the heap. The vegetation was sampled directly from the heap. The predominating plants were tested: Urtica dioica, Glechoma hederacea, Euonymus verrucosus, and Drepanocladus aduncus. A control sample of U. dioica taken outside of the heap was also tested. The commercial PHYTOTOXKIT microbiotest was applied to evaluate the influence of heavy metal-contaminated sediments (used as soil) on germination and growth of the chosen test plants. The analyses of cadmium and copper concentrations revealed that the metal concentration in sediments was diverse at different depths of sampling, probably reflecting their concentration in stored layers of sediments. Moreover, the metal content in core A was four to five times lower than that in core B, which reveals heterogeneity of the sediments in the tested heap. In core A, the copper concentration ranged from 4.7 to 13.4 mg/kg d.w. (average 8.06 ± 0.71 mg/kg d.w.), while in core B, it ranged from 9.2 to 82.1 mg/kg d.w. (average 38.56 ± 2.6 mg/kg d.w.). One of the results of the heavy metal presence in soils is their bioaccumulation in plants. Comparing plant growth, more intensive growth of roots was observed in the case of plants growing on the control (reference) soil than those growing on sediments. The intensive development of both primary and lateral roots was noticed. During this early growth, metal accumulation in plants occurred.
Highlights
Surface water monitoring in Warsaw, Poland, confirmed a severe anthropogenic contamination (Wojtkowska 2013)
This research covered an evaluation of copper and cadmium concentrations in bottom sediments dredged from one of the ponds in Warsaw, the study on Cu and Cd bioaccumulation in heap vegetation, as well as the influence of sediments on germination and early growth of chosen plants
The analyses of cadmium and copper concentrations revealed that the metal concentration in sediments was diverse at different depths of sampling, probably reflecting their concentration in stored layers of sediments
Summary
Surface water monitoring in Warsaw, Poland, confirmed a severe anthropogenic contamination (Wojtkowska 2013). One of the problems are significant amounts of heavy metals which are detected in bottom sediments dredged from water reservoirs during their restoration (Yao and Gao 2007; Wojtkowska 2011). Wyścigi Pond is a flow reservoir with a retention capacity of 17,671 m3. In 2006, the pond was reconstructed in order to restore its capability for water retention and landscape value. A large amount of bottom sediments was excavated and stored in 6-m-high heaps at Horse Racing Służewiec area. Environ Monit Assess (2015) 187: 737 Metal Acidic soils Anaerobic soils Alkaline soils Cd(II) Cu(II). A large amount of bottom sediments was excavated and stored in 6-m-high heaps at Horse Racing Służewiec area. 737 Page 2 of 9
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