Abstract
The Maranhao lowlands present a diversified amount of wild animals, insects, and plants. The population has a food source based mostly on fishing, family farming, cattle, and buffalo farming. In this context, it is essential to investigate the anthropic impacts present in this environment. This work aims to verify the bioavailability in the adsorption of the potentially toxic metals Cu2+ and Cd2+ in natural and anthropized soils of the Maranhao lowlands. Soil samples were collected from two phytogeographic zones in Maranhao, the Cajari, and Viana municipalities. Determinations of organic matter, organic carbon, pH, PCZ, and quantification of the adsorbed metals in soil samples were carried out. The results showed that the pH and zero charge point (ZPC) parameters produced effects on the studied metal ions' adsorption capacity. The elements Cu2+ and Cd2+ described the adsorption favorably, with Cu2+ having greater adsorption capacity and bioavailability.
Highlights
Soils contaminated by potentially toxic metals (MPT) are among the main challenges for humanity
There are 6 areas for each municipality, 3 of them in areas with a good state of conservation and 3 in areas with visible anthropic impacts, including erosive currents caused by water and wind, inadequate garbage deposition, domestic effluents and disposal of materials composed of toxic elements and pasture plantation for cattle and buffalo breeding
The results obtained showed that the physical-chemical parameters influenced the adsorption of the studied metals
Summary
Soils contaminated by potentially toxic metals (MPT) are among the main challenges for humanity. These toxic elements are linked to weathering processes, volcanism, soil formation or are deposited in the environment through anthropic actions such as minings activities, improper deposition of waste, or uncontrolled waste distribution. Zhao (2020) describes that in situ, remediation activities can provide better quality to cadmium-contaminated soils. To obtain these results, the verification of the capacity of adsorption of metal ions, mobility, and bioavailability are critical factors for understanding the interaction between soil, metals, and plants. If available in quantities above average, it can be an element with a high toxicity level
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