Abstract
This paper presents a broadband, simple, re-useable and low-cost approach for noninvasive sweat monitoring using a passive microwave circuit and a cellulose filter paper as a superstrate. The proposed sensor is composed of filter paper with the ability to absorb the sample liquid under test (LUT) placed on top of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. Various samples of sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions with concentrations in the range of 0.01-2 mol/L and models of artificial sweat are used to test the proposed sensor. The difference in transmission coefficient (S21) between dry and wet states is used to determine the concentrations of tested solutions in the band of 1-6 GHz. The sensor detects concentrations as low as 0.01 mol/L (0.58 g/L) and quantities as low as $137~\mu \text{L}$ with a maximum sensitivity of 46.7 dB/g/L. The proposed sensor presents a simple approach to sample and characterize liquids with enhanced sensitivity and consistent performance using microwave signals.
Highlights
With the increasing interest in early diagnosis and therapeutic technologies, there is a growing interest in analyzing biofluids
With a composition of sweat that is osmotically related to blood, sweat is an excellent candidate for easy, fast and non-invasive monitoring. This will allow the diagnosis of diseases such as Cystic fibrosis (CF) and dehydration via sweat monitoring
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder disease that affects the production of mucus in the respiratory, digestive and reproduction systems and causes fatal lung infections [1]
Summary
With the increasing interest in early diagnosis and therapeutic technologies, there is a growing interest in analyzing biofluids. Blood, tears and sweat carry physiological biomarkers that can reflect health status. Blood carries highly accurate information on the human body. With a composition of sweat that is osmotically related to blood, sweat is an excellent candidate for easy, fast and non-invasive monitoring. This will allow the diagnosis of diseases such as Cystic fibrosis (CF) and dehydration via sweat monitoring. The standard test for CF is a sweat test. Patients with CF have excess salt (NaCl) in their sweat with concentrations of 60 mmol/L or higher [3]
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