Abstract
High-speed coherent optical communication has been expanding to handle the ever-increasing data traffic, and the large modulation bandwidth of electro-optic (EO) polymer modulators has been especially appreciated. However, to be useful in optical communication, the EO polymer device should address several issues, such as thermal stability, photo-oxidation, and bias drift. In this work, as a part of the experiments to address these challenges, an EO polymer with a fluorinated polyimide backbone is utilized to create EO polymer modulators with improved thermal stability. A coplanar electrode structure is introduced to enhance the poling efficiency and reduce the bias drift.
Highlights
Electro-optic (EO) polymer modulators have an original advantage of small velocity mismatch between radio-frequency (RF) and optical signals, and by employing a traveling-wave modulation electrode, an optical modulator operable above 100 Gbps was demonstrated [1,2,3]
Research on EO polymers has been conducted for decades, to prove the technology to be useful for practical application, there are issues to be addressed, such as photo-oxidation, bias drift, large insertion loss, and poor thermal stability [4,5,6]
The insertion loss due to the material absorption can be reduced by using fluorinated polymers, which reduces the vibrational absorption for the optical communication wavelengths
Summary
Electro-optic (EO) polymer modulators have an original advantage of small velocity mismatch between radio-frequency (RF) and optical signals, and by employing a traveling-wave modulation electrode, an optical modulator operable above 100 Gbps was demonstrated [1,2,3]. In the case of vertical poling devices, the electric field crosses the core and cladding materials. The modulation efficiency at an elevated temperature, causing large voltage drops across the cladding layer; the poling of theinMZ could decrease be doubled a push–pull operation, where the twodevices, waveguides were field the modulator core layer would at aby high temperature. The poling of the waveguide and electrode, the electric intensities along horizontal direction were field distribution of coplanar poling was calculated by the finite element method, assuming that the the found as shown, where the applied voltage (V0 ) was 1 kV and the distance between dielectric constants were uniform film. Waveguide center (along the dotted line in (d)) and the electrode (along the dashed line in (d))
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