Abstract
A sensor, actuator, and device network (SADN) is composed of three types of nodes, which are sensor, actuator, and actuation device nodes. Sensor nodes and actuator nodes are interconnected in wireless networks as discussed in wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs). Actuator nodes and device nodes are interconnected in types of networks, i.e. wireless and wired network. Sensor nodes sense an physical event and send sensed values of the event to actuator nodes. An actuator node makes a decision on proper actions on receipt of sensed values and then issue the action requests to the device nodes. A device node really acts to the physical world. For example, moves a robot arms by performing the action on receipt of the action request. Messages may be lost and nodes may be faulty. Especially, messages are lost due to noise and collision in a wireless network. We propose a fully redundant model for an SADN where each of sensor, actuator, and device functions is replicated in multiple nodes and each of sensor‐actuator and actuator‐device communication is realized in many‐to‐many type of communication protocols. Even if some number of nodes are faulty, the other nodes can perform requested tasks. Here, each sensor node sends sensed values to multiple actuator nodes and each actuator node receives sensed values from multiple sensor nodes. While multiple actuator nodes communicate with multiple replica nodes of a device. Even if messages are lost and some number of nodes are faulty, device nodes can surely receive action requests required for sensed values and the actions are performed. In this paper, we discuss a type of semi‐passive coordination (SPC) protocol of multiple actuator nodes for multiple sensor nodes. We discuss a type of active coordination protocol for multiple actuator nodes and multiple actuation device nodes. We evaluate the SPC protocol for the sensor‐actuator coordination in terms of the number of messages exchanged among actuators.
Highlights
A wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) [1] is composed of sensor nodes and actuator nodes interconnected in wireless channels
We evaluate the semi-passive coordination protocol (SPC) protocol for sensor-actuator coordination discussed in this paper
We discuss the reliable model of the sensor, actuator, and device network (SADN) which is composed of three types of nodes, sensor, actuator, and device nodes in the presence of node and network faults
Summary
A wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) [1] is composed of sensor nodes and actuator nodes interconnected in wireless channels. Many researchers discuss how sensor nodes and actuator nodes reliably and energy-efficiently communicate with each other in a wireless network [13]. Sensor nodes gather values like temperature about physical world and send the sensed. Sensor nodes are low-cost, low-power devices which are equipped with limited battery energy, computation, and wireless communication capabilities like MICA2 MOTE [17]. We take a semi-passive type of coordination (SPC) protocol to realize the reliable many-to-many communication among sensor nodes, actuator nodes, and device nodes. An actuator node decides on what actions to be performed for sensed values and sends the action commands to the device node. Actuator nodes and actuation device nodes are interconnected in different types of networks, wireless and wired networks.
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