Coordinating E-Mobility Charging for Frequency Containment Reserve Power Provision

Abstract

In this paper we present a novel approach of coordinating battery electric vehicle charging processes as an ancillary service for the grid. This concept enables a mass integration of battery electric vehicles into the electrical power system and mobilizes flexibility options for large scale frequency stability. Therefore we consider and simulate a virtual power plant consisting of 65 private and optionally according public charging stations. The object oriented model includes a stochastic availability model based on publicly available data, a routing model of battery electric vehicles, a model for the electricity consumption and the battery and a model for the charging stations with different charging plans. These charging stations are controlled by an adapted version of a previously developed virtual power plant controller. Our extensive simulations show, that such a system consisting of private charging stations is able to provide frequency containment reserve power in a trustworthy way if either provided with back-up power by stationary batteries or supported by public charging stations. For offering 1MW frequency containment reserve power in total and 1.5kW per vehicle, 25kW of back-up power is necessary. In this case the participating 667 battery electric vehicles need to perform an additional equivalent annual mileage of 1573km in average.