Coordinated performance of interline power flow controller and superconducting magnetic energy storage in combined ALFC and AVR system under deregulated environment

Abstract

This study presents a two area combined Automatic Load Frequency Control (ALFC) and Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) system having reheat thermal and wind as Generating Companies (GENCOs) of area1 while reheat thermal and diesel as GENCOs of area2 in a deregulated environment. The thermal plant is considered with system nonlinearities. A proportional-integral and fractional order derivative having a filter controller is introduced for the combined ALFC-AVR system. A lightning search algorithm is employed for finding the best values of controller parameters. The comparative performance of the proposed controllers with some classical controllers proves the superiority of the proposed controller to others. The significance of the Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) and IPFC in combination with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) in the considered system is investigated under bilateral transaction. The analysis reflects that addition of IPFC improves the dynamic responses. The combination of both IPFC and SMES enhances the system dynamics further. The sensitivity analysis against different Distribution Companies Participation Matrix and variation of the contact violation amount gives the robust performance of the introduced controller parameters.