Coordinated multi-criteria framework for cycling aging-based battery storage management strategies for positive building–vehicle system with renewable depreciation: Life-cycle based techno-economic feasibility study

Abstract

The battery-protective control strategy, vehicle-to-building (V2B) interactions, and economic policy regarding grid feed-in tariff are promising techniques for enhancing the lifecycle-based techno-economic performance. However, the current literature indicates limited progress in the techno-economic feasibility of positive building–vehicle systems, with considerations on battery cycling aging, degradation of hybrid renewable generations, and dynamic grid-responsive control strategy. In this study, an interactive building–vehicle system was mathematically formulated with multidirectional energy interaction paradigms, such as building-to-vehicle, grid-to-building, building-to-grid, and grid-to-vehicle. The roles of the V2B interaction levels, grid feed-in schemes, and energy management strategies in techno-economic performances were quantitatively characterised, from the perspectives of the net present value (NPV), discounted payback time (DPT), and net direct energy consumption. Novel energy management strategies were proposed for battery relative capacity improvement in response to the dynamic renewable-demand signal and grid information. Furthermore, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were performed on the renewable system cost, battery cost, interest rate, and escalation rate of the electricity price. The results indicated that the ignorance of battery cycling aging results in an overestimation on NPV from 2.404 × 108 (0.310 × 108 US$) to 3.005 × 108 HK$ (0.388 × 108 US$). Furthermore, compared to traditional rough estimation on battery aging (with the NPV at 2.446 × 108 HK$ and the DPT at 4 years), the dynamic model in this study can provide more accurate and reliable battery relative capacity, together with conservative assessment on techno-economic feasibility (the NPV at 1.860 × 108 HK$ (0.240 × 108 US$) and the DPT at 5 years). In comparison with the grid feed-in tariff policies in most European countries, the implementation of the latest grid feed-in tariff in Hong Kong can increase the NPV from −7.633 × 107 (−0.985 × 108 US$) to 2.303 × 108 HK$ (0.297 × 108 US$) for the positive building–vehicle system. An interactive building–vehicle system was formulated, together with advanced management strategies for lifecycle-based techno-economic performance enhancement. Comparative analyses among scenarios with different control strategies, V2B interaction levels, and grid feed-in tariff schemes were performed to verify the reliability of the proposed technique for positive building–vehicle systems.