Abstract

In this paper, a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm is proposed for the coordination of controllers in a multi-source hybrid power system (HPS) for load frequency control (LFC). Decentralized controllers regulate the distributed sources with uncertainties in load and source power deviations to maintain the power system frequency. Coordination of decentralized controllers becomes challenging in the presence of dynamic disturbances. A novel LFC framework is introduced via a dynamic environment-based multi-agent twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (DEMA-TD3) algorithm to coordinate the decentralized controllers. Moreover, system stability is a concern in systems with renewable integration during islanding operations. To achieve successful islanding, a smart home inverter (SHI) based coordinated control is proposed. Virtual inertia (VI) is added to provide additional frequency support for robust control. Various simulation test scenarios are simulated to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed novel LFC architecture in different modes of operation.

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