Abstract
This paper proposes a coordinated control scheme for wind turbine generators (WTGs) and energy storage in microgrids with high wind power penetration. The proposed scheme aimed to reduce the system frequency deviation caused by variations in wind power and loads. To stabilize the frequency, the WTG and energy storage system (ESS) are used for kinetic energy generation and electrical energy storage, respectively. When the WTG contributes excessively to frequency stabilization in the microgrid with a high wind power penetration, the system frequency may fluctuate considerably. Thus, it is necessary to adjust the contribution of a WTG and to share it with other sources. To achieve our objective, we proposed a coordinated control scheme between the WTG and ESS that shares their releasable and absorbable energies. The coordinated control consistently calculated the releasable and absorbable energies of the WTG and ESS and determined weight factors related to the energy ratios. Accordingly, the weight factors improved the ability of providing supporting frequency stabilization of the WTG and ESS by increasing the stored energy utilization. The performance of the scheme was investigated using MATLAB Simulink Electrical. The results show that the proposed coordinated control successfully stabilized the system frequency by calculating the appropriate contributions required from the WTG and ESS.
Highlights
The system frequency in a power system is indicative of the balance between the generation and consumption of active power and must be maintained within the normal range at all times.In a conventional power grid, synchronous generators that have a spinning reserve increase their mechanical power by relying on the deviation of the frequency [1]
The wind turbine generators (WTGs) is connected to the power system through power electronic devices, which means the frequency from the generator side is decoupled from the system frequency, unlike a synchronous generator, which is directly connected to the power system
The proposed scheme prevented the excessive contribution of the WTG in the frequency stabilization because the weighting factor was accurately calculated based on the kinetic energy of the wind turbine; this is important since significant increases in wind turbine output due to frequency drops can have a negative impact on isolated microgrids with a high wind power penetration
Summary
The system frequency in a power system is indicative of the balance between the generation and consumption of active power and must be maintained within the normal range at all times. Frequency stabilization was supported through mitigating the fluctuation of a WTG using a pitch angle control and an active power control of the ESS that was applied to the low-frequency and high-frequency domains, respectively These conventional papers propose coordinated controls of a WTG and ESS, and they have responded to issues such as power smoothing, primary frequency control based on large disturbance, and frequency stabilization. They do not deal with concerns about the high wind power penetration level. This study proposes a coordinated control scheme for a WTG and ESS in a microgrid with a high wind power penetration to improve the frequency stabilization.
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