Abstract
In sensing systems, nodes must be able to rapidly detect whether a signal from a primary transmitter is present in a certain spectrum. However, traditional energy‐detection algorithms are poorly adapted to treating noisy signals. In this paper, we investigate how rapid energy detection and detection sensitivity are related to detection duration and average power fluctuation in noise. The results indicate that detection performance and detection sensitivity decrease quickly with increasing average power fluctuation in noise and are worse in situations with low signal‐to‐noise ratio. First, we present a dynamic threshold algorithm based on energy detection to suppress the influence of noise fluctuation and improve the sensing sensitivity. Then, we present a new energy‐detection algorithm based on cooperation between nodes. Simulations show that the proposed scheme improves the resistance to average power fluctuation in noise for short detection timescales and provides sensitive detection that improves with increasing numbers of cooperative detectors. In other words, the proposed scheme enhances the ability to overcome noise and improves spectrum sensing performance.
Highlights
Spectrum sensing for cognitive radio involves a cognitive user that can detect signals in real time and provide feedback when an authorized user sends a signal
With zero average power fluctuation in noise, a given detection performance is achieved in theory when the noise power is constant, provided sufficiently long detection time and that the signal can be detected by cognitive radio at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Traditional energy-detection schemes are sensitive to the average power uncertainty in the noise
Summary
Spectrum sensing for cognitive radio involves a cognitive user that can detect signals in real time and provide feedback when an authorized user sends a signal. With zero average power fluctuation in noise, a given detection performance is achieved in theory when the noise power is constant, provided sufficiently long detection time and that the signal can be detected by cognitive radio at low SNR. With nonzero average power fluctuation in noise, even given sufficiently long detection duration, the ability of the cognitive user to detect the SNR is limited and the detection sensitivity decreases dramatically. The average power fluctuation in noise decreases the detection performance and detection sensitivity, so a sensing scheme is required that is robust against fluctuations in noise Toward this end, we present a cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm that provides increased sensing performance as the number of collaborative users increases. The algorithm improves robustness against noise fluctuations while providing the same detection performance, thereby improving the detection sensitivity
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