Cooperative Motion of Electrons on the Graphene Surface

Abstract

Introduction. Today, the development of the graphene theory to control its physical and mechanical properties is a relevant objective. The paper deals with the conducting properties of graphene. In particular, the paper investigates the linear law of electron dispersion and traces its corollaries. Materials and Methods. The development of the theory is based on the verified experimental data and on the foundamental principles of the solid body theory and quantum mechanics. The study follows the universal synergetic principle according to which, there have been developed two split-level mathematical models of the quasi-particle motion in graphene on exposure to the electric field. On the macroscopic level, we suggest that graphene should be analyzed as a crystal consisting of three parallel planes. Two of them are electron gas. The remaining one is the main body of the crystal. On the microscopic level, the quasi-particle motion of the electron wave is described through the Schroedinger equation. Results. The study has developed the alternative method for the explanation of the linear dispersion law in graphene on the macroscopic level. Basing on the analysis of the model, the paper provides a hypothesis of the cooperative motion of the electron pairs, which make up a boson particle. The given hypothesis is different from the traditional one. In accordance with the latter, quasi-particles in graphene are Dirac fermions. To prove the hypothesis consilience, the study examines Hall’s effect in grapheme. The linear dispersion law for a pair of electrons is also deduced from the Schroedinger equation. Both the macroscopic and microscopic models are in a reasonable agreement with the experimental data. Discussion and Conclusion. The main result of the research is the development of the multi-level mathematical model which properly features the conducting properties of graphene (linear dispersion law, anomalous Hall effect). The practical relevance consists in revealing the possibility to control the conducting properties of graphene through impacts on electron pairs.