Cooperative interaction of n‐butylammonium ion with 1,3‐alternate tetrapropoxycalix [4]arene: NMR and theoretical study

Abstract

The interaction of 1,3-alternate tetrapropoxycalix[4]arene (1) with n-butylammonium ion (2) in CD(2)Cl(2) was examined using (1)H, (13)C and (14)N NMR spectroscopy and DFT (density functional theory) calculations. NMR shows that 1 forms with 2 an equimolecular hydrogen-bonded complex with the equilibrium constant 5.91 x 10(3) l/mol at 296 K. The structure of the complex can be shown to be asymmetric at 203 K, with 2 interacting by hydrogen bonds with the two ethereal oxygen atoms of one half of 1 and with the pi system of the other half, but is rapidly averaged to an apparent C(4h) symmetry by chemical exchange at higher temperatures. Using two related but independent techniques based on transverse and rotating-frame proton relaxation, it is shown that only an intermolecular exchange of 2 between the bound and free states takes place, in contrast to previously studied interaction of 1 with H(3)O(+). Its correlation time is 0.169 ms. It is shown by DFT calculations that such swift exchange is not possible without a cooperative interaction of both 2 and 1 with several molecules of water present. Similarities and contrasts between the exchange processes of 2 and H(3)O(+) bound to 1 are discussed, in particular with respect to the apparent quantum tunneling of the latter inside the molecule of the complex.