Cooperative control of EVs participating in demand response based on improved discrete-time leader-following consensus

Abstract

As an increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) participate in the demand response (DR) planning and control in the distribution network, the grid power imbalance is aggravated, which affects the stabilization of voltage at charging side (VCS) of EV charging stations (EVCSs). Therefore, in this paper, the cost model of EV DR and incremental cost rate (ICR) model of load response are established at first for solving the problems. Then, the ICR update criteria of agents are designed. Based on the criteria, an improved discrete-time leader-following consensus (IDTLFC) algorithm based on ICR is proposed. Also, the cooperative control method of EVs participating in DR based on the algorithm was presented. By employing the proposed algorithm, the method can calculate the ICR and response load value of agents. Likewise, the quick reduction of total system power offset and the completion of response load indicator can be achieved by utilizing the EV response layer to execute the response instructions. In the simulation experiments, the simulation model of multi-agent system based on EVs is established. The two system working modes of ”peak shaving and valley filling” (PSVF), plug-and-play characteristic of agents and so on are simulated. The results have shown that, when EV are linked to the grid and generate the power fluctuation, the total power balance and the stabilization of VCS could be kept with the method. The PSVF, minimum response cost and reasonable power distribution are realized simultaneously. The system has superior dynamic and steady-state performance, too.