Abstract
Mandala drawing was first practiced by Tibetan buddhists and then developed by Carl Gustav Jung, who felt certain that mandala drawing has the function of integrating psychological division, enhancing psychological harmony, and preserving personality integrity. Previous studies on mandala drawing have mainly focused on alleviating people’s negative emotions, such as anxiety and depression. Therefore, this study explored the effect and mechanism of mandala drawing on the improvement of subjective well-being (SWB), mindfulness, and spirituality from positive psychology’s viewpoint and compared the different effects of cooperative mandala drawing (CMD) and individual mandala drawing (IMD) on mindfulness, spirituality, and SWB. A total of 76 students were recruited from Chang Gung University, and the aforementioned three main variables were measured before and after the coloring experiment. The results indicated that both CMD and IMD significantly enhanced the subjects’ spirituality. Compared with IMD, CMD has a more significant improvement and promotion effect on SWB of subjects by affecting PA, while IMD had no significant effect on PA, and the enhancement effect of SWB was weaker than that of CMD. Mindfulness, spirituality, and SWB all positively correlated with each other. This study highlights the mechanism of mandala drawing and the theoretical understanding of the relationship between mindfulness and SWB. Mandala drawing especially CMD has a positive effect on spirituality and SWB, which may provide individuals with a simple and easy method to improve their happiness.
Highlights
Positive psychology (PP) was founded by American psychologists Seligman and Csikzentmihaly in 2000
Positive psychological interventions (PPI) is a kind of psychological intervention to promote positive outcomes through positive
Six 2 (Group Type: cooperative mandala drawing (CMD), individual mandala drawing (IMD)) × 2 (Time: Pre, Post) ANOVA with repeated measures on the Time was conducted on the mindfulness (SMS), spirituality (SAIL), subjective well-being (SWB), and the subscales of SWB (PA, NA, and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS)), in order to explore which part of SWB is influenced by mandala drawing
Summary
Positive psychology (PP) was founded by American psychologists Seligman and Csikzentmihaly in 2000. Positive psychological interventions (PPI) are psychotherapy guided by positive psychology. It is defined as consciously increasing the cognition or behavior of positive state (such as positive emotion and life satisfaction), rather than reducing negative state (such as depression and anxiety). PPI is a kind of psychological intervention to promote positive outcomes through positive. Two Mandala Drawing Effects on Positive Psychology processes (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). PPI aims to promote happiness and indirectly reduce the severity of mental pain. PPI is not to tell people to be positive or happy. It is a specific strategy that allows people to often improve their happiness through indirect means, such as finding their own strengths or engaging in acts of kindness (Snyder and Lopez, 2001)
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