Abstract
This paper investigates the possible synergic effect of the cooperation between firms and the main agents of the Triple Helix approach (academia, industry and government) on corporate environmental innovation. The results of analysing a broad sample of Spanish firms from various sectors (38,269 observations) over a 9-year period show that cooperation between firms and Triple Helix agents, both individually and jointly, increases the likelihood of corporate environmental innovation. Indeed, the more Triple Helix agents involved in cooperation with firms, the greater the likelihood of corporate environmental innovation. In addition, for the same number of Triple Helix agents involved, the influence of cooperation on corporate environmental innovation depends on the type of agents. Consequently, the paper provides empirical evidence of the existence of a synergic effect of cooperation on environmental innovation.
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