Abstract
As a special mobile ad-hoc network, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have the characteristics of high-speed movement, frequent topology changes, multi-hop routing, a lack of energy, storage space limitations, and the possible selfishness of the nodes. These characteristics bring challenges to the design of the incentive mechanism in VANETs. In the current research on the incentive mechanism of VANETs, the mainstream is the reward-based incentive mechanism. Most of these mechanisms are designed based on the expected utility theory of traditional economics and assume that the positive and negative effects produced by an equal amount of gain and loss are equal in absolute value. However, the theory of loss aversion points out that the above effects are not equal. Moreover, this will lead to a deviation between the final decision-making behavior of nodes and the actual optimal situation. Therefore, this paper proposed a Loss-Aversion-based Incentive Mechanism (LAIM) to promote the comprehensive perception and sharing of information in the VANETs. This paper designs the incentive threshold and the threshold factor to motivate vehicle nodes to cooperate. Furthermore, based on the number of messages that the nodes face, the utility function of nodes is redesigned to correct the assumption that a gain and a loss of an equal amount could offset each other in traditional economics. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional incentive mechanism, the LAIM can increase the average utility of nodes by more than 34.35%, which promotes the cooperation of nodes.
Highlights
Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are a service system integrating information perception, processing, and interaction [1]
Node decision model based on loss aversion: In the model proposed the coalition formation game is used as the analysis tool
Based on the reconstructed utility function, the decision-making model of the node is designed by using the coalition formation game as an analysis tool to promote nodes to form coalitions
Summary
VANETs are a service system integrating information perception, processing, and interaction [1]. VANETs can exchange information with vehicles, roads, pedestrians, and the Internet and can comprehensively perceive and share various static information of traffic participants and the traffic environment. At the same time, due to the highly dynamic topology, frequently disconnected links [9], restricted movement directions (subject to road directions, signal lights, etc.), the lack of energy, and storage limitations [10,11,12], the message transmission among nodes cannot be effectively guaranteed. The time for vehicle nodes to pass through the coverage of a Road Side. It is difficult for vehicle nodes to download large files directly from the RSU in a short time (for example, videos may be as large as 100 MB). The vehicle node cannot always be in the communication range of the RSU, and the transmission of information has a high delay. It is necessary to establish a self-organizing network among vehicle nodes
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