Abstract
In view of the many operational and environmental issues cooling water systems are faced with, having specific design attuned to the local ecological conditions at a specific location is crucial to prevent the implementation of costly mitigation measures after construction. Such issues are fouling by micro- and macro-organisms, jelly fish ingress and also the discharge of heated cooling water. It is, therefore, of great importance to take into account the specific ecological conditions at the location during the design phase. This chapter concerns the fouling-related issues and options to optimally design the cooling water system to prevent operational problems.
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