Abstract
In situ x-ray reflectivity measurements are used to determine the cooling rate dependent freezing of capillary waves on the oligomer poly(propylene glycol). Only above the glass transition temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{G}}$ can the surface roughness $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ be described by the capillary wave model for simple liquids, whereas the surface fluctuations are frozen-in at temperatures below ${T}_{\mathrm{G}}$. As the state of a glass forming liquid strongly depends on its thermal history, this effect occurs for fast cooling rates already at a higher temperature than for slow cooling. For the fastest cooling rates a very large shift of ${T}_{\mathrm{G}}$ up to $240\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ compared to the bulk value of $196\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ was observed.
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