Abstract
A numerical study of the unsteady phase change convection-conduction heat transfer of an ion-lithium battery with volumetric heat generation used in solar vehicles is presented. The cooling process is investigated for a total of seven arrays of phase change material (PCM): capric acid (PCM 1), eicosane (PCM 2), decahydrated sodium carbonate (PCM 3) and octadecane (PCM 4) located in one or three layers around the battery. The results show that heat conduction predominates in the battery with a PCM and the liquid phase fraction of the PCM indicates that the melting initiates after 7min, reaching totally liquid state after 14.25min. From the different configurations of PCM around the battery, the configuration “B” (multiple PCM: PCM 1 (5mm)+PCM 3 (2.9mm)+PCM 2 (4.3mm)) and the configuration with a single layer of PCM 3 (14.3mm) respectively reduce the maximum temperature of the battery about 20.9 and 23.2K compared with the temperature reached by the battery without PCM. This result occurs because of the Decahydrated Sodium Carbonate PCM, since it has the highest latent heat and has a low melting point.
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