Abstract
The mathematical term for the mean flow velocity in supersonic beams of ideal gases is extended to include real gas properties. This procedure yields an explicit dependence of the flow velocity on pressure, as observed in recent experiments of free jet expansions. Applied to stagnation conditions slightly above the critical point, the model suggests that seeded high-pressure jet expansions might be suitable for slowing down virtually any molecule with maximum efficiency. Moreover, we discuss the consequence of a pressure-dependent flow velocity ${v}_{0}$ for the speed ratio $S={v}_{0}/\ensuremath{\Delta}{v}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ with respect to collisional cooling and suggest to use the velocity spread $\ensuremath{\Delta}{v}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ as a more nonambiguous measure of translational temperature in high-pressure jet expansions.
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