Convoy electron response to the charge pre-equilibrium of ions in solids

Abstract

Absolute numbers of convoy electrons of H + and H 0 (1.2–3.0 MeV) passing through carbon foils (2 ⩽ s px ⩽ S 20 μg/cm 2) ha been measured using a calibrated magnetic 90°-sector electron analyzer. In the charge pre-equilibrium ( px ⩽ 5 μg/cm 2) the convoy electron yield is strongly dependent on the initial charge state and is dominated by the direct loss of the projectile electron (DELC) in case of initial charge state O. Qualitatively and quantitatively the experimental data can be described by a two-step model which includes the production of convoy electrons as a function of charge changing and excitation processes (referred to as direct and indirect ELC and direct and indirect ECC) and the projectile independent transport of convoy electrons through the solid.