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Abstract
Models are first-class elements in Model-Driven Engineering (MDE). In this paradigm, the most widespread approaches adopted by the development community are Object-Oriented and ontological, formalized using Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Resource Description Framework (RDF), respectively. However, Object Management Group (OMG) does not provide a specific standard language for validating UML models against Object Constraints Language (OCL) constraints; meanwhile, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has defined Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) as a standard validation language. Although the transformation between UML and RDF can be performed at the structural level, no effort has been made to transform OCL to SHACL. This paper addresses the transformation of OCL and text-based constraints to SHACL shapes in the context of Common Grid Model Exchange Standard (CGMES), a UML-based standard for electric utilities in Europe. This paper presents several contributions to the software engineering community. First, solving the validation problem in a standardized way. Second, facilitating European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) the construction of an ontology associated with the CGMES standard. Third, allowing developers to integrate the two complementary approaches. Finally, Promoting the adoption and integration of the ontological approach in the software community.
Highlights
Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is a paradigm where models are first-class elements throughout the software development life cycle
The domain of this work is data exchange for utilities. As it is shown in previous paragraphs, there is a need from different domains to transform the modeling process and models into an ontological approach with Resource Description Framework (RDF)/OWL and Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
Providing a reusable and shared knowledge and being both machine-readable and human-readable, through semantic web technologies. (iii) RDF/SHACL models are directly executable, which translates into a considerable saving of time and effort in coding into a general-purpose programming language, and into an improvement of process and product quality, as this approach is more aligned with MDE [24]–[26] than Unified Modeling Language (UML)/Object Constraints Language (OCL)
Summary
MDE is a paradigm where models are first-class elements throughout the software development life cycle. IEC standards adopted by ENTSO-E. validation language to validate UML models against OCL constraints. The solution proposed in this work is to adopt SHACL as a language to validate models against the rules in the CGMES context, see Fig. 5. The effort consists of (i) the elaboration of a methodology to transform the OCL and textbased rules to SHACL (ii) the conversion of all CGMES rules to SHACL (iii) the development of an application that allows validating any model of a TSO, member of ENTSO-E, against the CGMES rules. Communities to promote the adoption of ontological engineering through semantic web technologies, our contribution by addressing the conversion from OCL to SHACL bridges the gap between Object-Oriented and ontological paradigms.
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