Abstract
CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be supplied with protons from the injector chain Linac2-PS Booster (PSB)-PS-SPS. The required transverse beam brilliance (intensity/emittance) is almost twice that of current PS beams and the LHC bunch spacing of 25 ns must be impressed on the beam before its transfer to the SPS. The scheme involves new RF harmonics in the PSB and the PS, an increase of the PSB energy, and two-batch filling of the PS. After a successful test of the main ingredients, a project for converting the PS complex was launched in 1994. Major additions are: (i) h=1 RF systems in the PSB, (ii) upgrading of the PSB main magnet supply from 1 to 1.4 GeV operation, (iii) new magnets, septa, power supplies, kicker pulsers for the PSB-PS beam transfer, (iv) 40 and 80 MHz systems in the PS, (v) beam profile measurement devices with improved resolution. A significant part of the effort is being provided by TRIUMF under the Canada-CERN co-operation agreement on the LHC.
Highlights
CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [1][2] will be supplied with protons from the injector chain Linac2-PS Booster (PSB)-PS-SPS (Fig. 1)
The injector chain has to produce beams corresponding to the nominal performance; wherever possible, a higher performance level is aimed at, to potentially fill the LHC up to the beam-beam limit and to provide an operational margin
With a beam brilliance corresponding to the LHC beambeam limit, the space-charge tune shifts ('Q) are almost twice the present figures at the PSB (50 MeV) and PS (1 GeV) injection energies, leading to unacceptable beam blow-up and loss
Summary
The four PSB rings (each 1/4 of PS circumference) are transferred sequentially (3-4-2-1), to fill the PS in one pulse. With two PSB pulses to fill the PS, the intensity per PSB pulse is halved and 'Q reduced to 0.45
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