Abstract
The present review article aims to highlight various pretreatment technologies involved in the biochemical conversion of biomass to bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass without the process modification. Pretreatment technologies are aimed to increase the enzyme susceptibility to the biomass for high yield of ethanol production through microbial fermentation. Broadly, pretreatment methods are divided into four categories including physical, chemical, physico-chemical and biological. This paper comprehensively reviewed on the lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol process with focuses on pretreatment methods, their mechanisms, combination of different pretreatment technologies, the addition of external chemical agents, advantages, and disadvantages. It also discussed the ethanol productions from biomass in details without disturbing the process integrity.
Highlights
The world is facing serious energy problem due to depletion of fossil fuels
This paper comprehensively reviewed on the lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol process with focuses on pretreatment methods, their mechanisms, combination of different pretreatment technologies, the addition of external chemical agents, advantages, and disadvantages
The pretreatment induces breaking of the bonds that bind with lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses
Summary
The world is facing serious energy problem due to depletion of fossil fuels. At the same time, the demand and need for energy in the transport sector have risen vigorously. Modern bioenergy resources include liquid biofuels, biomass-fired electricity, or methane from animal wastes It includes cellulosic ethanol and Fischer-Tropsch fuels [3]. The main raw materials used for the production of ethanol in industry scale are sugar-based such as sugarcane, molasses, and starch-based materials such as wheat and corn Based on such raw material, bioethanol may be divided into first, second and thirdgeneration [5]. This paper comprehensively reviewed on the lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol process with focuses on pretreatment methods, their mechanisms, combination of different pretreatment technologies, the addition of external chemical agents, advantages, and disadvantages. It discussed the ethanol productions from biomass in details without disturbing the process integrity.
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