Conversion of Lignin-Nanofibers to CNFs

Abstract

In this study, a novel method, electrospinning, was used to prepare lignin-based carbon nanofibers. The major material was lignin. The chemical and thermal properties of different lignins were characterized to determine their suitability for partial incorporation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Then the precursor fibers were carbonized at a temperature from 600°C to 1000°C, respectively to prepare biomass-based carbon nanofibers. The influences of carbonization temperature on prepared carbon nanofibers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the diameter of prepared precursor fibers and carbon fibers were about 200nm and 100nm, respectively. The increase of temperature has little influence on the carbon fiber graphitization degree. The D band of the carbon fibers carbonized at 900°C is lowest. The thermal stability of the carbon fibers changes little with rising temperature when carbonized temperature exceeds 900°C, and carbon fibers carbonized under 900°C have most compact structure. Therefore, the above conclusions make clearly that 900°C is the optimal carbonization temperature for preparing lignin-based carbon nanofibers in this technique. Meanwhile, the study is a doubled-edged enterprise that aims to recycle the waste from pulping industry as well as to turn it into a valuable material.