Abstract
The phosphates of alkaline earth metals (calcium and strontium) synthesized by precipitation process in acetone–water media system were used as catalysts for converting fructose, glucose, and cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) under hot compressed water condition. It was found that the phosphates of calcium and strontium effectively catalyzed the HMF formation from fructose and glucose dehydration and cellulose hydrolysis/dehydration reaction, as compared with the non-catalytic system. The XRD analysis confirmed the CaP2O6 and α-Sr(PO3)2 crystalline phases of the catalyst samples, while acid strength of both catalysts was in a range of +3.3⩽H0⩽+4.8. From the study, CaP2O6 and α-Sr(PO3)2 showed similar catalytic performance toward the dehydration of sugars, providing the HMF yields of 20–21% and 34–39% from glucose and fructose, respectively; whereas the total yield of glucose and HMF from the hydrolysis/dehydration of cellulose over α-Sr(PO3)2 (34%) was higher than that over CaP2O6 (17.4%).
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