Conversion From Mycophenolates to Mizoribine Is Associated With Lower BK Virus Load in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Study

Abstract

BackgroundBK virus allograft nephropathy (BKVAN) is a graft-threatening complication after kidney transplantation. Current consensus regarding the prevention of BKVAN is to screen for BK viremia and to treat sustained BK viremia through reducing immunosuppression. This study assessed the effect of conversion from mycophenolates to mizoribine (MZR) on the prevention of BK viremia in kidney transplant recipients. MethodsDe novo kidney transplant recipients were screened for BK viruria. Sustained high levels of BK viruria (>107 copies/mL) were treated by switching from mycophenolates to MZR. The reduction and clearance of BK viruria and viremia were evaluated. ResultsFifty kidney transplant recipients with high levels BK viruria were enrolled, including 11 recipients with BK viremia. After 6 months of MZR therapy, only 3 recipients still had high levels of BK viruria. The clearance rate of BK viremia was 100%. One episode of acute rejection occurred (2.0%) and was reversed by steroid administration. The serum uric acid level of the recipients was similar before and after switching to MZR, but the proportion of recipients receiving uric acid–reducing drugs increased significantly after 3 months of MZR therapy (19/50 vs 31/50; P = .02). No new cases of BK viremia were observed after conversion to MZR. ConclusionConversion from mycophenolates to MZR in kidney transplant recipients with sustained high levels of BK viruria was associated with reduction of BK viruria and clearance of BK viremia. This may be an effective approach to prevent BK viremia and BKVAN.