Conversion: Evaluation of a Step-like Process for Problem-Solving

Abstract

This study of recent religious converts was made to verify empirically a theoretical model formulated to explain conversion. Using the ideas of Lofland and Stark (1965) and Toch (1965) as a point of departure, a model was formulated which suggested that conversion is a step-like, problem-solving process through which persons move, utilizing individual and religious organizational facilities, programs, and ideologies in resolving various life problems. The findings indicate that the model has very little heuristic value in explaining conversion and suggests that the models of both Toch and Lofland and Stark may suffer the same deficiency relative to isomorphism. Nottingham (1954:28-46) suggests that religion is important to the individual because it provides modes of adjustment to unpredictable, uncontrollable, and unknowable life situations. These modes of adjustment are acquired during socialization experiences, which may be facilitated by the individual's participation in a formal religious organization. When this acqusition of religion takes place in a relatively short time, it may be referred to as "conversion." Conversion refers to the process by which a person comes to accept the ideology of a group. Vernon (1962:101112) indicates that conversion involves several sub-processes which must be accounted for, including (1) the manner in which the convert becomes aware of the group possessing the ideology, (2) the acceptance of new religious definitions, and (3) integration into the group. The first sub-process, suggested by Vernon, would be relevant to groups to which the convert did not previously belong. Subproc sses 2 and 3 could occur either prior to becoming a group member or after formal entry into the group. In this study we are primarily interested in the first of these processes.