Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 that began in an animal market in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019 has created a global health, social, and economic crisis. The clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity is similar to any other influenza-like illnesses and severe acute respiratory illness. The virus is transmitted from one person to another through respiratory droplets, aerosols, or fomites. Chloroquine and its analogs belong to the antimalarial group of drugs having multimodal action and are being investigated for their effectiveness in treating malaria and autoimmune disorders. Chloroquine acts by impairing the glycosylation process of ACE-2, restricting its interaction with the spike protein, thus hampering binding. Hydroxychloroquine is a chloroquine analog having a mode of action resembling chloroquine. The groups of drugs show an immunomodulatory effect by inhibiting certain cellular functions and are thus used as an immunosuppressive treatment in autoimmune disorders.
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