Abstract
More African Union (AU) peacekeepers have been killed in Somalia than any other modern peace operation. It is likely that over 450 of them were killed during al-Shabaab mass attacks on the AU’s forward operating bases (FOBs) in south-central Somalia, principally between June 2015 and January 2017. Based on a comparative analysis of six such battles, this article identifies the main factors that account for both the peacekeepers’ vulnerabilities and al-Shabaab’s military successes. It concludes by drawing lessons for peace operations beyond Somalia that might face similar threats from insurgents.
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