Conventional Extraction Techniques: S oxhlet and Liquid–Liquid Extractions and Evaporation

Abstract

Abstract This chapter presents a general overview of the traditional extraction techniques commonly applied to both solid and liquid matrices are evaluated with a view to emphasize their sustained significance in a rapidly changing analytical chemistry discipline as evidenced with the introduction of newer and more sophisticated extraction techniques. For this purpose, the conventional Soxhlet extraction technique for solid matrices and the traditional liquid‐liquid extraction techniques for liquid matrices are critically evaluated. The use of evaporation as a traditional method for extraction and/or separation of target analytes are also considered to further bolster the relevance of this technique in modern analytical chemistry studies. Besides the conventional sample extraction techniques such as Soxhlet extraction (SE), liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE), and mechanical shaking, newer and more sophisticated techniques such as microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), also known as pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), have been developed.